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Ankara showcased its multidimensional foreign policy approach at the Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit, emphasizing partnerships like the Mecca Joint Defense Agreement alongside broader NATO and SCO engagements.
Turkey's FM stated that the newly signed Mecca defense pact with Saudi Arabia and Pakistan is not aimed at any specific country, while also strongly criticizing Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.
Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan has invited other countries to join the Mecca Joint Defense Agreement, explaining its background in an interview.
An Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesperson stated that Tehran does not perceive the newly signed Mecca Joint Defense Agreement as a threat to regional stability or national security.
Geopolitical experts assess whether expanding the Mecca Joint Defense Agreement would significantly reshape regional alliances, power balances, and counterterrorism cooperation.
The three nations have agreed to set up an administrative headquarters in Saudi Arabia to coordinate military cooperation under the Mecca Joint Defense Agreement.
The Mecca Joint Defense Agreement, signed by Saudi Arabia, Türkiye, and Pakistan, is formally an open-architecture agreement, but its openness has yet to translate into deeper security roles.